朗阁

　P1 Bovid 牛科动物

　　P2 Ecotherapy 多和自然在一起的疗法

　　P3 一个摄影师的职业发展

　　朗阁讲师点评

　　1. 本场考试的难度中等。

　　2. 整体分析：涉及生物类(P1)、健康类(P2)、人文类(P3)。

　　本场考试三篇文章，除了**篇讲到的内容稍显生僻，其余两篇文章与生活有关联，所涉及的术语在可联想范围内，配对题主要应该集中于第二篇，文章内容可能偏难。从题型搭配，**篇少见出现匹配加单选填空，第三篇都为细节题，从定位的角度相对好操作。

　　3. 部分答案及参考文章：

　　Passage 1：牛科动物

　　题型：单选+匹配+填空

　　参考文章：A The family of mammals called bovids belongs to the Artiodactyl class, which also includes giraffes. Bovids are highly diverse group consisting of 137 species, some of which are man's most important domestic animals.

　　B Bovids are well represented in most parts of Eurasia and Southeast Asian islands, but they are by far the most numerous and diverse in the latter Some species of bovid are solitary, but others live in large groups with complex social structures. Although bovids have adapted to a wide range of habitats, from arctic tundra to deep tropical forest, the majority of species favour open grassland, scrub or desert. This diversity of habitat is also matched by great diversity in size and form: at one extreme is the royal antelope of West Africa, which stands a mere 25 cm at the shoulder, at the other, the massively built bisons of North America and Europe, growing to a shoulder height to 2.2m.

　　C Despite differences in size and appearance, bovids are united by the possession of certain common features. All species are ruminants, which means that they retain undigested food in their stomachs, and regurgitate it as necessary. Bovids are almost exclusively. herbivorous: plant-eating "incisors: front teeth

　　D herbivorous. Typically their teeth are highly modified for browsing and grazing: grass or foliage is cropped. with the upper lip and lower incisors** (the upper incisors are usually absent), and then ground down by the cheek teeth. As well as having cloven, or split, hooves, the males of ail bovid species and the females of most carry horns. Bovid horns have bony cores covered in a sheath of horny material that is constantly renewed from within; they are unbranched and never shed. They vary in shape and size; the relatively simple horns of a large Indian buffalo may measure around 4 m from tip to tip along the outer curve, while the various gazelles have horns with a variety of elegant curves.

　　E Five groups, or sub-families, may be distinguished: Bovinae, Antelope, Caprinae, Cephalophinae and Antiloeapridae. The sub-family Bovinae comprises most of the larger bovids, including the African bongo, and nilgae, eland, bison and cattle. Unlike most other bovids they are all non-territorial. The ancestors of the various species of domestic cattle banteng, gaur, yak and water buffalo are generally rare and endangered in the wild, while the auroch (the ancestor of the domestic cattle of Europe) is extinct.

　　F The term 'antelope’ is not a very precise zoological name - it is used to loosely describe a number of bovids that have followed different lines of development. Antelopes are typically long legged, fast running species, often with long home that may be laid along the back when the animal is in full flight. There are two main sub-groups of antelope: Hippotraginae, which includes the oryx and the addax, and Antilopinae, which generally contains slighter and more graceful animals such as gazello and the springbok. Antelopes are mainly grassland species, but many have adapted to flooded grasslands; pukus, waterbucks and lechwes are all good at swimming, usually feeding in deep water, while the sitatunga has long, splayed hooves that enable it to walk freely on swampy ground.

　　G The sub-family Caprinae includes the sheep and the goat, together with various relatives such as the goral and the tahr. Most are woolly or have long hair. Several species, such as wild goats, chamois and ibex, are agile cliff and mountain-dwellers. Tolerance of extreme conditions is most marked in this group: Barbary and bighorn sheep have adapted to arid deserts, while Rocky Mountain sheep survive high up in mountains and musk oxen in arctic tundra.

　　H The duiker of Africa belongs to the Cephalophinas sub-family. It is generally small and solitary, often living in thick forest. Although manly feeding on grass and leaves, some duikers unlike most other bovids - are believed to eat insects and feed on dead animal carcasses, and even to kill small animals.

　　I Te pronghorn is the sole survivor of a New World sub-family of herbivorous ruminants, the Antilocapridae in North America. It is similar in appearance and habits to the Old World antelope. Although greatly reduced in numbers since the arrival of Europeans, and the subsequent enclosure of grasslands, the pronghorn is still found in considerable numbers throughout North America, from Washington State to Mexico. When alarmed by the approach of wolves or other predators, hairs on the pronghorn's rump stand erect, so showing and emphasizing the white patch there. At this signal, the whole herd gallops off at speed of over 60 km per hour.

　　答案：

　　1.根据题目细节信息“biggest range”定位于B段**句话.因此，正确答案为D。

　　2.利用顺序原则。定位于B段第四行，“Although bovids have adapted to a wide range…scrub or desert”，因此，正确答案为D。

　　3.该信息出现于C段中间部分“All species are ruminants, which means that they retain undigested food in their stomachs, and regurgitate it as necessary.”因此，正确答案为C。

　　4.该题目信息出现在G段“Tolerance of extreme conditions is most marked in this group”题目中的harsh environments对应原文的“extreme conditions”前面找到“Caprinae”因此，正确答 案为C。

　　5.该题目信息出现在E段第二行，“The sub-family Bovinae comprises most of…and nilgae, eland, bison and cattle.”因此，正确答案为B。

　　6.该题目信息出现在H段第二行“Although mainly feeding on grass and leaves, some duikers—unlike most other bovid - are believed to eat insects and feed on dead animal carcasses.And even to kill small animals.”因此，正确答案为D。

　　7.该题目信息出现在F段第三行，“Antelopes are typically long-legged,fast-running species”因此，正确答案为A。

　　8.该题目信息出现在E段第四行“Unlike most other bovids they are all non-territorial.”,因此，正确答案为B。

　　9.该题目信息出现在B段倒数第四行“at one extreme is the royal antelope of west Africa,which stands a mere 25cm at the shoulder”因此，正确答案为royal antelope。

　　10.该题目信息出现在E段末句“…while the auroch(the ancestor of the domestic cattle of Europe) is extinct.”因此，正确答案为the auroch.

　　11.该题目信息出现在F段末句”...while the sitatunga has long, splayed hooves than enable it to walk…”因此，正确答案为long ,splayed hooves.

　　12.该题目信息出现于G段倒数第二行，“Barbary and bighorn sheep have adapted to arid deserts”因此，正确答案为arid deserts.

　　13.该题目信息出现于I段**行“The pronghorn is the sole survivor of a New World sub- family of herbivorous ruminants…”因此，正确答案为pronghorn.

　　Passage 2：多和自然在一起的疗法

　　题型：段落信息匹配+matching+填空

　　段落信息匹配：

　　14. A

　　15. C

　　16. E

　　17. C

　　18. B

　　匹配题：

　　19. B

　　20. E

　　21. C

　　22. F

　　23. B

　　填空题

　　24. Supplement

　　25. Surgery

　　26. 待回忆

　　Passage 3：一个摄影师的职业发展

　　填空+判断+单选

　　选词填空：

　　27. B

　　28. G

　　29. E

　　30. D

　　31. J

　　判断题：

　　32. No

　　33. Yes

　　34. No

　　35. Not given

　　单选题：

　　36. A

　　37. D

　　38. B

　　39. D

　　40. C

　　考试建议

　　1. 本场考试从题型角度分析，**篇及第三篇文章的细节提醒定位比较轻松，第二篇的难度较大，涉及到了比较难的段落信息匹配题型，考生要合理分配时间精力。在接下来考试中，在*证细节题型能够*定位的前提下，尝试多找替换，结合上下文理解做题。有可能出现大量配对题型集中的情况，不要过分依赖定位技巧，多练习理解定位。

　　2. 下场考试的话题可能有关科技类，自然类，教育类。